Asthma, including exercise-induced asthma (EIA), is the diagnosis given to more and more people everyday, from kids to overfat individuals and yes, even to the very fit athlete. This condition is defined as a spasm or constriction of the bronchials causing diminished airflow resulting in wheezing, tightness of the chest, difficulty breathing, and sometimes coughing. When the vital capacity, or the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in one breath, does not change or decreases with exercise, the person most likely has EIA. The vital capacity should normally increase with exercise. Almost all people with asthma will have EIA, but those with EIA do not necessarily have a problem with breathing unless exercising. EIA is very common in runners, swimmers, cyclists, and triathletes, and it is definitely not normal. It’s a clear sign your health is suffering and has been for some time, and now your fitness is too.
Athletes of all ages are given the diagnosis of EIA as they suddenly develop these breathing difficulties that appear out of nowhere. (“Just started one day while I was running.” or “I never had this problem before but I couldn’t catch my breath during the race.”) These symptoms are thought to have no specific origin. There are numerous prescribed anti-asthma medications on the market today, and EIA is commonly diagnosed and treated with prescription drugs with no attempt to understand the underlying processes which cause the problem. This article will shine some light on the matter.
There are currently six different categories of anti-asthma medications. Which individual drug may help a given patient depends on what is causing the asthma symptoms. The medication isn’t going to cure the asthma, it will simply help the person manage it better. One of the clues used to help an individual truly overcome the cause of their asthma is to see what medication benefits them most. Whether they are not on a medication yet or not, then it’s important to fully investigate the origin of the asthma, so it may be dealt with at the source.
Although asthma is a symptom of the lungs, there is most always not a primary lung problem to be dealt with, but a problem from another area of the body affecting the function of the lungs. Likewise, the medications used to combat asthma have been developed to treat the areas of the body that are thought to cause the constriction-spasm symptoms of the bronchials.
So what is causing the asthma and how do you go about fixing it, or at least dealing with it to the best of your ability? The answer depends on what is triggering your asthma. What is causing your asthma can be completely different from what is causing your friend’s asthma, even though your symptoms appear to be identical.
The majority of asthma medications developed are made to enhance adrenal gland function and are called Beta2-adrenergic agonists. The usual medications in this category are albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) and Epinephrine (an adrenal gland derived hormone), though there are many more such as levalbuterol, terbutaline, Maxair, and Foradil. When the adrenal glands are under a lot of stress, whether from training too hard or too often, emotional stress, nutritional stress (too much refined sugar, caffeine, alcohol, poor diet), or a combination of these, then the adrenal glands slowly become depleted over time. The adrenal glands are responsible for many important functions in your body. They help with your electrolyte balance; they help manage hormone levels; they determine how you manage your glucose and energy levels; they influence how you repair your joints and fight inflammation; they affect your mood and even your sleep. The big idea here is that if one important organ isn’t working as well as it should, you can have many symptoms going on. You can drive yourself crazy going from one doctor to the next trying to understand and fix each problem separately, but many times they are all closely related. That is why an athlete may not be sleeping well, not being able to get over an injury, and having a problem managing electrolyte imbalances while training or racing, all as a result of one process not working as well as it should. Asthma can easily enter the picture here. This explains why suddenly having asthma symptoms one day while heading out for a run is really an end process of a longer period of depleting your reserves. The stress has caught up with you and to deal with it effectively and get over it, you need to understand why it is there and where it is coming from.
Other times, the asthma is a result of the adrenal glands, but from a different part of the gland, the adrenal cortex. These are corticosteroid medications. This type of asthma can be influenced by insulin insensitivity and carbohydrate intolerance. The medications used to help deal with the asthma are those such as Flovent, Pulmicort, Qvar, and Aerobid. Treating this asthma at the source involves investigating the adrenal glands, the pancreas, the diet and exercise (or lack of) habits, and lifestyle stressors of the individual.
Medications like Advair and Symbicort combine both the corticosteroid activity and the Beta2 drugs noted above.
When an athlete is helped by Ipratropium, (Atrovent, Apovent, Aerovent), an anticholinergic medication, there is a problem with the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. This is many times associated with an adrenal or stress pattern affecting the neurtransmitter acetylcholine in the body that has gone on for some time and the body is having trouble recovering.
Not always is asthma a result of adrenal gland depletion. In the case where the asthma is triggered by histamine, an allergic reaction must be sought as the culprit. Antihistamine/allergy medications such as Omalizumab (Xolair), Intal (cromolyn) and Tilade will show a beneficial effect, but to get to the bottom of this type of asthma, the reactive chemical or allergy must be identified and treated. Many times this is a reaction to a food that was eaten two to three hours before exercise, but the reaction could be from ingesting the offending food over a period of time long before the exercise. Eliminating the food (or sometimes chemical sensitivity) from the diet and helping the individual’s immune system overcome the stress can result in dramatic changes is health and performance. This type of reaction is very, very common (along with the adrenal gland issues). You can read more about allergies on my other site, by clicking here.
Then there are those in the smaller categories that have asthma as a direct result to the lungs in which case something is triggering the lungs directly. This could be from a chemical or environmental sensitivity/allergy (sulfite, strong perfume, pollen/grasses). Aerolate is one example this xanthine bronchodilator medication used conventionally to help this reaction.
Medications known as a leukotriene modifiers (Accolate, Singulair,Zyflo) are also common. They’re used to combat inflammatory conditions that are much stronger than those resulting from an immune-histamine reaction. They also come with psychological side effects such as aggression and depression. Fighting this type of inflammation as well as most inflammation in your body involves balancing fatty acid metabolism (Omega 3 & 6 fats), dealing with insulin resistance/carbohydrate intolerance, and assessing antioxidant status.
Whether you have asthma or EIA it is important to know what is triggering your asthma and how to treat it effectively. Sometimes it is easy to help an athlete get over their asthma by treating the underlying processes which cause it, especially if they just started having symptoms. Other times, a more thorough investigation is needed to understand what is at the base of the problem. But whatever the case, as the asthma cases are skyrocketing, you now have an understanding of how you might get your second wind.
Nikki says
Your thorough description of asthma is more accurate than my allergist and pulmonologist were ever able to give me upon being diagnosed with EIA and eventually full-blown asthma. This is the first time I have read of a correlation to the adrenal glands.
Ten years prior to any allergy symptoms or EIA, I was diagnosed as having reactive hypoglycemia (also correlated to the adrenal glands). Based on your hypoglycemia article, that would suggest a paleo or possibly FODMAPS diet. I also meet many indicators of too alkaline. Do you have a specific resource/more details for an acid ash diet? I’d like to glean the overlapping principles/foods to most effectively alter my diet.
Many thanks!
Sock Doc says
Yes Paleo/FODMAPS usually the way to go to correct dysglycemia. I have some info on acid ash/alkaline ash here (http://www.drgangemi.com/healthtopics/), but honestly I never recommend these diets anymore.
Leah says
I also have been in search of this type of asthma information, thank you. I have always been athletic but not an athlete and slipped into training without knowing body as I became more and more serious at my grass roots sport of roller derby. It took me a year or so to figure out I had asthma (after I had been playing seriously for a year or two) once I got that part figured out it was a roller coaster of meds to try and *control* my asthma which is mostly EIA, but I also react to perfumes, cold air, smoke, chemical sprays, etc. I have had airborne allergen testing done and I did not have one allergic reaction. The last year or so I survived with a daily dose of QVAR, sometimes singular, plus albuterol prior to exercise, and a breathing treatment of cromolyn sodium prior to heavy workouts. I recently had a two month break with only light exercise and I really only needed the albuterol so I stopped taking the daily meds and I am trying to re-start my new season without re-starting the over the counter regimen.
I have asked three different doctors WHY? and not once was I pointed in the direction of the adrenal glands. Do you have any articles more specific to dealing with this type of depletion and how to fix it?
My diet while not completely unhealthy is not great and something I am trying to work on. I did stop eating dairy as it seemed to aggravate and increase the amount of mucus I produce which is a lot.
My last question is do I need to worry stopping these meds cold turkey while still completing high intensity workouts 2-3x/week? My grandmother was a nurse and is constantly nagging me that I could cause permanent damage to my lungs. I have tried to research on the internet but for every statement there seems to be an equal and opposite statement!
Thanks again for this article and this site.
-Leah
Sock Doc says
I have some info on the adrenal glands scattered throughout this site and there are books discussing the glands too (many though talk about herbs and other therapies for correction which may not be advised).
I can’t advise you regarding the supplements. Each asthma case, like all conditions, is so individualized. If you were my patient though I sure wouldn’t be advising high intensity workouts because if you have asthma that’s the last thing you should be doing.
Laura says
Great article. I’ve been told I have exercise induced anaphylaxis and I’m wondering if you see this as a variant of histamine-based EI Asthma? I’ve had EIAn triggered on vegetarian diet, Atkins diet, while fasting… so I’m not convinced it’s diet allergies. Would be interested in your view?
Sock Doc says
I’ve seen this more as a hormonal issue – primarily adrenal gland dysfunction/fatigue.
Erin says
I was reading your information on EIA. I have been recently diagnosed with Asthma and VCD. I am 35, and have been an avid exerciser/runner for the last 10 years. I am also pretty healthy. I am pretty healthy and have been practicing eating and sleeping well for years. I have never smoked nor am I around it. So aside from inhalers I’m not sure what I can do to treat this naturally. Any suggestions?
Sock Doc says
Check out the info on adrenal gland dysfunction on this site.
SMK says
my son was diag. with EIA at age 9 and put on antihistamines and inhalers (including Adavair). I questioned annually the doctor about dairy and was repeatedly told it was “good” for him. At age 15, we did a trial of a dairy free diet and within 2 weeks he was asthma free and off all medication.